Rajasthan geography Introduction in an easy way

Basic Geography of Rajasthan

Introduction

1. Rajasthan lies:
   1. With respect to India → North-Western
   2. With respect to World →  North-Eastern
   3. 
2. The state’s total area is 10.43% (~10.41%) of India’s total area and India’s biggest state.
3. Area-wise comparison of Rajasthan with other countries:
   1. Equal to Germany (3.57 Lakh sq. Km) & Japan (3.77 Lakh sq. Km)
   2. 5 times larger than Sri Lanka(0.65 lakh sq.Km)
   3. More than 17 times larger than Israel

Longitude and Latitude of Rajasthan

1. 

2. Longitude:
   1. Longitude Extension: 69°30′ to 78°17′ East
   2. Longitudinal Difference: 8°47′
   3. Note: 
      1. The local time difference between the east (Dholpur) to west (Jaisalmer) part of Rajasthan is about 35 minutes 08 second due to a longitudinal difference of 8°47′.
   4. Note:
      1. East point to West point of Rajasthan (Length) = 869 Km
         1. East point: 
            1. Village – Jagmohan ka pura, Shilan ( Tehsil – Rajkhera, Dholpur)
         2. West point: 
            1. Village – Katra ( Jaisalmer )

3. Latitude
   1. Latitude Extension: 23°03′ to 30°12′ North
   2. Latitude Difference: 7°09′
   3. Note:
      1. North point to South point of Rajasthan ( Broader ) = 826 Km
         1. North: Village – Kona ( Sri Ganganagar )
         2. South: Village – Borkund Chota ( Tehsil – Khushalgarh, Banaswara )
      2. Note: 
         1. Difference between the longitudinal & Latitudinal length of Rajasthan is about 49 Km ( 869 – 826 Km )
   4. Tropic of Cancer(23°30’ North latitude) passes through the southern district, namely Banswara, Dungarpur of Rajasthan.
      1. 

Land Boundaries of Rajasthan

Land Boundaries of Rajasthan ( Direction )
Direction	State(India)/Country
North	Punjab
North-East	Haryana & UP
East and South-East	MP
South and South-west	Gujarat
West	Pakistan

2. Total Land Boundary  →   5,920 Km
3. Interstate Land Boundary  → 4,850 Km
   1. Note:
      1. Interstate consists: Punjab, Haryana, UP, MP and Gujarat
4. International Land Boundary(Rajasthan) →  1,070 Km
   1. Note: 
      1. International line between India & Pakistan was established on 17 August 1947 by Sir Redcliffe, so the boundary line is known as the Redcliffe line.
      2. Total Length(India): 3,323 Km
      3. India’s 2 UT and 3 states attached with the Pakistan
         1. UTs → Ladhak(Capital Leh) and Jammu & Kashmir (Capital Srinagar)
         2. Punjab(-)
         3. Rajasthan(+)
         4. Gujarat
         5. 
   2. 1070 Km = Hindumalkot ( Ganganagar ) to Shahgarh ( Barmer )

Rajasthan border districts with descending order
Districts	Length (Km)
Jaisalmer	464
Barmer	228
Ganganagar	210
Bikaner	168

Neighboring States

1. Punjab — Rajasthan

Punjab(2)	Rajasthan Districts(2)	Attachment length (Km)
Mukhtasar Fazilka	Hanumangarh(+) Ganganagar(-)	89

2. Haryana — Rajasthan

Haryana(7)	Rajasthan Districts(7)	Attachment length (Km)
Hisar Sirsa Fatehabad Mahendragarh Bhiwani Rewari Mewat(Nuh)	Hanumangarh(+) Churu Jhunjhunu Sikar Jaipur(-) Alwar Bharatpur	1262

3. Uttar Pradesh — Rajasthan

U.P(2)	Rajasthan Districts(2)	Attachment length (Km)
Mathura Agra	Bharatpur(+) Dholpur(-)	877

4. Madhya Pradesh — Rajasthan

M.P(10)	Rajasthan Districts(10)	Attachment length (Km)
Jhabua Ratlam Mandsaur Sheopur Guna Shivpuri Murena Rajgarh Agar Malwa(Previous Shajhapur) Neemuch	Dholpur Karauli Sawai Madhopur Kota Baran Jhalawar (+) Chittorgarh Bhilwara (-) Pratapgarh Banswara	1600

5. Gujarat — Rajasthan

Gujarat	Rajasthan Districts	Attachment length (Km)
Kutch Banas Kantha Sabarkantha Dahab Aravali Mahisagar	Banswara Dungarpur Udaipur(+) Sirohi Jalore Barmer(-)	1022

Other Important

1. Interstate boundary → 23 districts of Rajasthan
   1. 
2. 25 districts of Rajasthan → covers total boundary
3. Intrastate boundary → 8 district 
   1. 
   2. Ajmer, Dausa, Tonk, Bundi, Rajasamand, Nagaur, Jodhpur & Pali
4. Pali district is attached with maximum numbers of districts(8).
   1. Ajmer, Barmer, Udaipur, Nagaur, Jodhpur, Jalore, Sirohi, Rajsamand
5. Nagaur & Jaipur attached with 7-7 districts

Origin & Evolution of Rajasthan

1. Earth Formation
   1. Pangea(Continent part) consists 29% of the world
   2. Panthalassa(Oceanic part) consists 71% of the world

4. Pangea divided into two part after millions of year
   1. Angara land
   2. Gondwanaland

2. Rajasthan Formation
   1. Part of Tethys sea (New)
      1. The Desert and Eastern plain of Rajasthanis the Residue of Tethys sea.
      2. Salt lakes of the state like Sambhar, Deendwana, Pachpadra, Lunkaransar etc., are the remains of the Tethys sea.
   2. Part of Gondwanaland (oldest)
      1. Aravallis and the Deccan plateau(Hadoti) are part of Gondwanaland.
      2. Aravallis are one of the oldest mountains in the world.
      3. Aravallis acts as the major water-divide, making two divisions of the state.
   3. Physical features of any states represent the cumulative effect of:
      1. Endogenic movements
      2. Geological structure
      3. Denudation
      4. Drainage pattern
   4. State’s relief comprises
      1. Mountains
      2. Plains
      3. Plateaus
      4. Deserts