Ancient Civilisation of Rajasthan

Kalibangan Civilisation

  1. Located in Hanumangarh.
  2. The word Kalibanga describes black bangles.
  3. This civilisation was also known as the Bronze age civilisation.
  4. Locate on the bank of the ancient river Saraswati or Ghaggar.
    • Now, this river not exists due to path change or destroyed.
  5. Amland Gosh found this site in 1952 A.D
  6. Excavation work is done in 1961-1969 A.D by:
    1. B.K Thapar
    2. B.B Lal
  7. The government of India constructed a Museum in Kalibanga in 1985-86.
  8. C-14 carbon dating method calculates the Kalibangan civilisation:
    • 2350-1750BC
  9. According to Dr Dashrath Sharma, Kalibanga was the third capital of the Indus civilisation.
  10. What evidence gets from the Kalibanga site?
    1. About Pre-Harappan and Post-Harappan.
    2. Ploughed field
      • In this evidence, the two crops are found, namely Gram and Mustard.
    3. Fire-pits
    4. Wooden channels of drainage.
    5. House was built with raw bricks and decorated bricks.
    6. Paired corpse(death body)
    7. Worship of Goddess
      • Point to be Remember: No evidence of a temple.
    8. Dog, camels and wells
      • Point to be Remember: No evidence of Iron and Horse in Kalibanga civilisation.
    9. Two mounds:
      1. East mound
        • large city
      2. West mound
        • small city

Aahar Civilisation

  1. Located in Udaipur.
  2. Time period: 1900B.C
  3. The ancient name of Aahar civilisation is Aghatpur, and in the local language, it is called Dhoolkot.
  4. Located near the Aahar/Berach river.
    • Aahar/Berach river tributaries of river Banas.
  5. The Aahar civilisation is also known as
    • Banas civilisation
    • The civilisation of Mounds of death
  6. Akshay Kirti Vyas(1953) first started the execution of this civilisation.
    • Later on, Ratan Chand Agarwal(1954-56), Hansmukh Dheeraj Sankliya(1961-620 and Virendra Nath Mishra excavated it.
  7. What evidence gets from the Aahar site?
    1. Rice
    2. 6-8 stoves
      • It provides information about the joint family.
    3. Black and red pots are found, which are called Gorey or Koth.
    4. A clay ideal of bull(Banasian bull)
    5. Warehouse for the storage of grain.
    6. Water vessels with handle.
    7. Coins
      • It provides information about the business.
    8. Copper furnaces and 40 copper mines found.
      • Therefore it is also called Copper city.
  8. Other important centres of Aahar:
    1. Gilund(Rajsamand)
    2. Ojhiyana(Bhilwara)
    3. Balathal(Udaipur)
  9. According to Dr Gopinath Sharma, Iron culture’s entred in the last stage of this civilisation.

Bairat Civilisation

  1. Located in Jaipur.
  2. Located on the bank of River Banganga.
    • Also known as Ganga of Arjun.
  3. Captain Hook was the first, provides the information of this site in 1936-37.
  4. Excavation work is done by:
    1. Dayaram Sahani
    2. Nilratan Banerjee
    3. Kailash Dixit
  5. Bairat civilisation provides information about Mauryan dynasties.
  6. Mahabharat provided the information of this civilisation.
  7. Excavated sites:
    1. Hills of Bijak
    2. Hills of Bhim Ji
    3. Hills of Ganesh Ji
    4. Hills of Mahadev Ji
  8. What evidence gets from the Bairat sites?
    1. Buddha Dharma
      • This gives information about the education system of Buddhist.
    2. Bhabru Inscription of Ashoka
      • Now, this inscription is placed in Kolkata.
    3. 36 Stamps/coins
      • 8 Punch-marked coins
      • 28 Indo-greek(16 coins related to Indo-greek King Menander)
    4. Hand-made cotton clothes
    5. Gold Pitcher
      • Having Bones of human being, considered as Buddha’s bones or bones of Buddha disciples.
    6. Circular temple
      • According to Historians, the construction of this temple was done by Ashoka.
      • Ashoka believes in Buddha.
    7. Three Jewels of Buddhism
      1. Buddha(yellow jewels)
      2. Dharma(blue jewels)
      3. Sangha(red jewels)
    8. Presence of Hiuen Tsang(Chinese)
      • Si-Yu-Ki
  9. According to the Dayaram Sahani, the Bairat civilisation was destroyed by Huns attacks.

Ganeshwar Civilisation

  1. Located at Neem Ka Thana(Sikar).
    • The ancient name of Sikar:
      • “Beer BhanKa Bass“
  2. Located on the bank of river Kantli.
  3. Time period: 2800B.C
  4. In 1977, Ratanchandra Agarwal found this site.
  5. Excavation work is done by:
    • Ramachandra
    • Vijay Kumar
    • K.N Mishra
  6. What evidence gets from the Ganeshwar sites?
    1. Many metals
      • The most important one Copper(about 99%)
    2. Fishing hook(Copper)
    3. House-made up of Stones.
    4. Vegetarian or non-vegetarian peoples
    5. The dam constructed of stones.
    6. Copper manufactured for Harappa and Mohenjodaro civilisation.
  7. Ganeshwer has been called the mother of Copper era civilisation.

Rangmahal Civilisation

  1. Located in Hanumangarh
  2. Located on the bank of river Ghaggar.
  3. Discovered:
    • In 1994-94, Dr Hannarid and the Swedish team.
  4. Evidence:
    1. Copper stamps/coins.
    2. Wheels made up of clay(Vehicle)
    3. Teacher and disciple statue.

Bagor Civilisation

  1. Located in Bhilwara
  2. Located on the bank of river Kothari.
  3. Discovered:
    • V.N Mishra(1966)
  4. Evidence:
    1. Animal husbandry

Balathal Civilisation

  1. Located in Udaipur
  2. Located on the Banas river(Banas civilisation)
  3. Discovered:
    • V.N Mishra(1993)
  4. Evidence:
    1. 11 room building
    2. Iron furnace
    3. Cotton clothes

Raid Civilisation

  1. Located in Tonk
  2. Located on the bank of river Dheel.
  3. Discovered:
    • K.N Puri(1938-40)
  4. Evidence:
    1. Here, Asia’s largest coin store found
  5. It is also known as the Ancient Tata City of India.

Other important civilisation in Rajasthan(district-wise)

  1. Ganganagar:
    1. Tarkhanwala Civilisation
    2. Chak-Chourasi Civilisation
    3. Baror/Anupgarh Civilisation
  2. Jaisalmer:
    1. Kuda Civilisation
    2. Aula Civilisation
    3. Lodwa Civilisation
  3. Jaipur:
    1. Kirodol Civilisation
    2. Jodhpur Civilisation
    3. Nuliyasar Civilisation
    4. Bairat Civilisation
  4. Sikar:
    1. Ganeshwar Civilisation
    2. Garara Civilisation
    3. Sohegara Civilisation
  5. Bikaner:
    1. Sothi(1st Kalibangan) Civilisation
    2. Sawaliye Civilisation
    3. Dodachora Civilisation
    4. Pungal Civilisation
  6. Hanumagarh:
    1. Kalibangan Civilisation
    2. Pilibangan Civilisation
    3. Bhadara Civilisation
    4. Rangmahal Civilisation
  7. Bharatpur:
    1. Noah Civilisation
    2. Der Civilisation
    3. Malaha Civilisation
    4. Shripanth Civilisation
    5. Bayana(evidence of Indigo farming)
  8. Jhunjhunu:
    1. Sunari Civilisation
  9. Udaipur:
    1. Balavnagar Civilisation
    2. Balathal Civilisation
    3. Aahar Civilisation
  10. Sirohi:
    1. Chandrwali Civilisation
  11. Alwar:
    1. Dadikar Civilisation
  12. Sawai Madhopur:
    1. Kolmaholi Civilisation
  13. Bundi:
    1. Nenwa Civilisation
    2. Indragarh Civilisation
    3. Gardara Civilisation
  14. Dausa:
    1. Baswa Civilisation
  15. Chittaurgarh:
    1. Pindmandliya Civilisation
    2. Nagari Civilisation
    3. Nadighati Civilisation
    4. Madhiyameka Civilisation
  16. Nagaur:
    1. Deedwana Civilisation
    2. Kurada Civilisation
    3. Kharadi Civilisation
  17. Jalore:
    1. Elana Civilisation
    2. Bhinmal Civilisation
  18. Jodhpur:
    1. Mandore Civilisation
    2. Bilara Civilisation
    3. Umednagar Civilisation
  19. Ajmer:
    1. Budha Pushkar Civilisation